Plant hormones (Literature sources on phytohormones and plant signalling)
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How abiotic stresses trigger sugar signaling to modulate leaf senescence? - Review

From doi.org - April 22, 9:50 PM
Authors: Muhmmad Asad Ullah Asad, Zhang Yan, Lujian Zhou, Xianyue Guan and Fangmin Cheng.

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (2024)

Highlights: • Sugars play an essential role in the regulations of leaf senescence. • Abiotic stresses trigger sugar signaling by inducing reactive oxygen species burst. • Sugar signaling interact with plant hormones and protein kinase to regulates leaf senescence. • Abiotic stresses target sugar signaling to regulate photosynthesis inhibition and programmed cell death (PCD). 

Abstract: "Plants have evolved the adaptive capacity to mitigate the negative effect of external adversities at chemical, molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. This capacity is conferred by triggering the coordinated action of internal regulatory factors, in which sugars play an essential role in the regulating chloroplast degradation and leaf senescence under various stresses. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the senescent-associated changes in carbohydrate metabolism and its relation to chlorophyll degradation, oxidative damage, photosynthesis inhibition, programmed cell death (PCD), and sink-source relation as affected by abiotic stresses. The action of sugar signaling in regulating the initiation and progression of leaf senescence under abiotic stresses involves interactions with various plant hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and protein kinases. This discussion aims to elucidate the complex regulatory network and molecular mechanisms that underline sugar-induced leaf senescence in response to various abiotic stresses. The imperative role of sugar signaling in regulating plant stress responses potentially enables the production of crop plants with modified sugar metabolism. This, in turn, may facilitate the engineering of plants with improved stress responses, optimal life span and higher yield achievement."
Julio Retamales's insight:
Text of figure above: "Fig. 4. Sugar signaling interacts with phytohormones for the regulation of leaf senescence under abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses interact with SLS by MAX4, MAX3 and MAX1 pathway, while ABA is activated by ABAox3 and NCED1 pathway, and GA is activated by Della protein pathway. ABA accumulation enhances ROS production and regulate starch degradation into sucrose, fructose and glucose thorough SPS and AMX1. Sucrose signals suppress AI and SUT translocate sucrose out of the cell and SWEET translocate it to sinks, HXK1 and ABA regulate ROS burst and enhance electrolyte leak-age and membrane permeability of plasma membrane, and senescence is activated by WRKY and SAGs. The suppressed activity of CRF6 enhances CTKs degradation and reduces CTKs biosynthesis, moreover the reduced CTKs exacerbate the activity of cwINW and nutrient exhaust under stresses."
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Plant programmed cell death meets auxin signalling - Review

Plant programmed cell death meets auxin signalling - Review | Plant hormones (Literature sources on phytohormones and plant signalling) | Scoop.it
From doi.org - September 26, 2021 2:16 PM
Authors: Joanna Kacprzyk, Rory Burke, Johanna Schwarze and Paul Francis McCabe.

The FEBS Journal (2022)

Abstract: "Both auxin signalling and programmed cell death (PCD) are essential components of a normally functioning plant. Auxin underpins plant growth and development, as well as regulating plant defences against environmental stresses. PCD, a genetically controlled pathway for selective elimination of redundant, damaged, or infected cells, is also a key element of many developmental processes and stress response mechanisms in plants. An increasing body of evidence suggests that auxin signalling and PCD regulation are often connected. While generally auxin appears to suppress cell death, it has also been shown to promote PCD events, most likely via stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis. Intriguingly, certain cells undergoing PCD have also been suggested to control the distribution of auxin in plant tissues, by either releasing a burst of auxin or creating an anatomical barrier to auxin transport and distribution. These recent findings indicate novel roles of localized PCD events in the context of plant development such as control of root architecture, or tissue regeneration following injury, and suggest exciting possibilities for incorporation of this knowledge into crop improvement strategies."
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Relevant review!
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Salicylic acid metabolism and signalling coordinate senescence initiation in aspen in nature 

Salicylic acid metabolism and signalling coordinate senescence initiation in aspen in nature  | Plant hormones (Literature sources on phytohormones and plant signalling) | Scoop.it
From www.nature.com - July 18, 2023 3:52 PM

Authors: Jenna Lihavainen, Jan Šimura, Pushan Bag, Nazeer Fataftah, Kathryn Megan Robinson, Nicolas Delhomme, Ondřej Novák, Karin Ljung and Stefan Jansson.


Nature Communications (2023)


Editor's view: Deciduous trees exhibit autumn senescence driven by environmental seasonality. Here, the authors show that senescence timing in aspen tree genotypes depends on environmental changes but also on the ability of each genotype to sustain stress tolerance mediated by the phytohormone salicylic acid.


Abstract: "Deciduous trees exhibit a spectacular phenomenon of autumn senescence driven by the seasonality of their growth environment, yet there is no consensus which external or internal cues trigger it. Senescence starts at different times in European aspen (Populus tremula L.) genotypes grown in same location. By integrating omics studies, we demonstrate that aspen genotypes utilize similar transcriptional cascades and metabolic cues to initiate senescence, but at different times during autumn. The timing of autumn senescence initiation appeared to be controlled by two consecutive “switches”; 1) first the environmental variation induced the rewiring of the transcriptional network, stress signalling pathways and metabolic perturbations and 2) the start of senescence process was defined by the ability of the genotype to activate and sustain stress tolerance mechanisms mediated by salicylic acid. We propose that salicylic acid represses the onset of leaf senescence in stressful natural conditions, rather than promoting it as often observed in annual plants." 

Julio Retamales's insight:
Great work with relevant findings!
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